“Failure”

Dear Dr. Brandt,

I enjoy your blog very much. As a second year medical student, I know that my peers and I all struggle with what we view as ‘failure’ at some point or another. I imagine this problem doesn’t stop (…ever), especially since medicine seems to attract people who hold themselves to extremely high, if not impossible, standards. If you’re looking for topics, I wonder if you might have some insight to offer on how to deal with the downfalls along the way.
 

Dear colleague,

It is part of our profession that we will never stop trying to be perfect and – just as true – that we will always fall short. As a student, it tends to be about the tests you are taking and the feeling that you will never study enough. As a resident, it’s the feeling that you don’t know enough to make the decisions you are being asked to make. As a practicing physician, you will at times stay awake at night worrying about your decisions, even when you know you did the best you could. All of this sounds like a huge downside to the profession we’ve chosen, but it’s actually a blessing.  One of the core personality traits of physicians is that they care. In a way, all of the stress about not doing well enough happens only because you have empathy and compassion for your patients.

Although it’s hard to believe at the beginning, with time you will realize that the feeling of having “failed” is actually a gift.  You’ll discover that “mistakes” and, more importantly, “near misses” become your most valuable teachers.  What’s important is that you grasp the opportunity to learn from falling short, rather than beating yourself up.  “Failing” at a task (or test) is different than being a “failure.”  When you have moments you feel you could have done better, use it as motivation to study a little more, go back to the textbook, look up one more article, or review all the facts again.   William Osler, in his famous book to medical students (Osler’s Aequanimitas) talked about keeping a journal of mistakes:   “Begin early to make a threefold category – clear cases, doubtful cases, mistakes.  And learn to play the game fair, no self-deception, no shrinking from the truth… It is only by getting your cases grouped in this way that you can make any real progress in your post-collegiate education; only in this way can you gain wisdom with experience. “

So, to answer your question about how to deal with the downfalls along the way –  Start by revisiting your motivation. Remember why you started down this path in the first place. If you are trying your best to do the right thing, and are humble about the fact that you are human (and will therefore fall short) you can end every day with satisfaction and a sense of accomplishment. That being said, make sure that you work with focus – that when you study or work it is with dedication to the patients and families who are trusting you with some of the most precious decisions of their life. When you fall short, use it as motivation to learn. But, in this process, make sure you are taking care of yourself. The worst thing you can do when you feel inadequate is to just work more and more. This leads inevitably to compassion fatigue which makes you less effective (and will make you suffer). Compassion fatigue is a common diagnosis for care-givers; it happens to every medical student, resident or physician at some point in time. Just like any other diagnosis, the next step is treatment. In a nutshell, the treatment is self-care. Start with a great walk somewhere beautiful, and as you walk ask yourself how you can best care for your body, your mind, and your soul. Be as kind to yourself as you would be to a good friend as you recover. And just like you would tell that friend… Eat good food, sleep enough, get some exercise, get outside, and look for joy and wonder everywhere you can!

Studying in Medical School – Making it Relevant

One of my rules of the road for Medical School applies to studying:  “You can learn to drink from a fire hydrant but you have to learn how.”

(this image is from the online Palm Beach Fire Department coloring book)

There are three issues you have to come to grips with as you start medical school (i.e. the things that are different from college)

  1. You are going to have a volume to study that is overwhelming
  2. You have to memorize a good portion of this overwhelming material because you are learning a new (foreign) language
  3. Most of the information you will be given is actually important  (i.e. there’s not much you can blow off)

It’s hard at first to distinguish between the things that you need to know on a permanent basis (all of the cranial nerves) and what you need to know for the tests (foramina of the skull… unless you end up a neurosurgeon).  At first you just have to assume it’s all important, but, as time goes on (particularly after you are in the clinics), you will become more adept at compartmentalizing things into permanent memory, retrievable memory and “look it up” memory.

“A man should keep his little brain-attic stocked with all the furniture that he is likely to use, and the rest he can put away in the lumber-room of his library, where he can get it if he wants it.”  Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

It’s easy for anyone to study the night (or week) before the test.  The pressure is on, and the deadline that looms tends to make you efficient and driven.  But there is no question that this is not the way to go for things you really want to learn.  You don’t want to be the kind of doctor who treats a seizure based on what they “crammed” for a test… you want the concepts of treatment in your memory, accurate and retrievable. (The details are another thing… that’s what the internet, drug formularies and books are for.)

How to drink from a fire hydrant, lesson 1:  The core of adult education is relevance.

I remember the drudgery of learning cardiac physiology my first year of medical school.  Hour after hour of the physics of contraction, the list of receptors, the details of the cellular organization.  I tried to memorize it over and over, but this was really boring stuff.

One day a classmate dragged me along to a “noon conference”.  I’d like to say it’s because we were really motivated, but actually it was because there were free sandwiches.  But a funny thing happened…. It was fascinating – a discussion of how patients with heart failure present, how to treat them and why it was important.  And all of it was based on the physiology I had been studying!  I actually understood what they were talking about!  When I went back to look at what had previously been boring, I now understood why it was important.  It was relevant and, therefore, it was easier to learn.

Every medical school has a long list of conferences open to anyone in the medical school.  Many of them happen in the early morning, the late afternoon or at lunchtime and, therefore, they fit in to the schedule of basic science students.  Check out the calendar on your school’s web site. Start with the departmental grand rounds (weekly lectures given to teach the entire department from the medical students to the full professors).  Don’t limit yourself to medicine and pediatrics.  Go to the grand rounds given by orthopedic surgery, rehabilitation medicine, psychiatry.  Ask clinical students you know if there are interesting lectures that you might be able to attend.  Look on the medical school web site for visiting professors or special lectures.  This is not only a good way to make studying more relevant, but you may find something so interesting that it could end up being your future career.

There are other ways to make it relevant.  Spend a minute on PubMed or UpToDate (both of which should be free to you through your medical school) to find clinical information that makes the topic interesting.  If you are studying the rotator cuff in anatomy, look up rotator cuff tears and how to treat them for 5 minutes before you start studying.  If you are learning about peristalsis in the GI tract, find a review article on abnormalities of peristalsis.  But – Don’t get bogged down.  You won’t understand much of it to start with (which is normal!).  Don’t try to be a “gunner” (the slang at Baylor for the students who sit in the front row and try to get every question right) and try to learn the clinical information.  That’s not your job in basic sciences!  Just use it to motivate you – to undertand that there is a context for this new language you are being asked to learn.

How To Exercise Despite Your Busy Schedule

“I used to run 6 miles a day but I haven’t done any exercise at all since I started my clinical rotations.”

The medical student who was talking to us on rounds today isn’t alone.  Exercising regularly during basic sciences isn’t that hard.  But it’s an entirely different issue when you start your rotations.  Figuring out how to exercise as a resident is even harder.

The first step is to realize why it’s important.

  • It’s the right thing to do.  Physicians do physical as well as intellectual work.  You are taking care of people’s families.  It doesn’t surprise you that policemen, firemen, astronauts and soldiers have physical fitness as a requirement.  It’s no different for us. .
  • You will have a life after training.  In your 20s and 30s, you may be able to get away with not being active, but those years of inactivity will be paid for later.
  • You will feel better physically.  You will have more energy.
  • You will feel better emotionally.  There is a direct effect of working out (stress reduction), but there is also the psychological benefit of taking care of yourself.

Once you recognize that regular exercise is important, you then have to realize that it’s not going to be easy.   There are two ways you can look at exercise in the context of a busy schedule.  First, think about it as activity, not “working out”.  Your goal is to be active, which you can approach by adding little bits of activity into your day:

  • Park your car in a distant lot, or at least at the back of the lot, to add walking.
  • If it’s safe, walk or ride your bike to work.
  • Take the stairs in the hospital (no matter how many flights!).
  • Buy a pedometer that counts steps and try to walk at least 10,000 steps per day.
  • Take a jump rope, stretching bands or dumbbells to keep in your locker or the break room to use when you have 10 minutes.
  • Do pushups and/or situps before you go to sleep or anytime you have a break in the call room.

Although increasing activity is essential to maintaining fitness, you really do need to have some “real” workouts in your week to build and maintain your overall fitness.  The goal for your week should be 3-4 sessions (at least 30 minutes long) of cardiovascular training, 2 sessions of weight training and stretching every day.

So, how do you actually fit this into the hectic schedule of clinical rotations or residency?

Step 1:  Make a list of things you like to do (not things you think you should do) in each of the three categories (cardio, strength training and flexibility).

Here’s an example for cardio workout:

Cardio – at home

  • Fast walk around the parking lot or neighborhood
  • Run (list different routes that work out to about 30 minutes to start with)
  • Jump rope in the driveway

Cardio – at gym

  • Treadmill
  • Elliptical trainer
  • Stationary bike
  • Racquetball
  • Basketball league on Tuesday nights
  • Monday – 5:30 am spinning class, 6:30 pm aerobics class
  • Tuesday – 5:30 am circuit weight class, 7 pm boxing aerobics
  • Thursday – 5:30 am aerobics class, 7pm spinning

Cardio – 10 minute workouts at work

  • Stairs
  • Fast “rounding” (do loops of the floors)
  • Jumping jacks
  • Up and down off a chair
  • Jump rope

Step Two:  Make a plan for every day of the week.

The real key to making this work is to plan ahead.  It’s just too hard, when you are leaving the hospital and every fiber in your being wants to go sit on a couch somewhere, to overcome that gravitational pull with the thought “but I should go to the gym”.  The only way you will be able to resist the gravitational pull of the couch is to have a plan.

Start by looking at your week and writing down what is likely to happen.  For instance, if you are on a q3 day call rotation it may look something like this

Schedule Comments
Sun Off
Mon On call
Tues Post call
Wed Out with friends after rounds
Thur On call
Fri Post call
Sat

Once you have the outline of the week, fill in the chart with the most reasonable option for exercise for the day… and then a back up plan in case the first option falls through.

Schedule 1st choice Back up Comments
Sun 24 hours off! Racquet ball with friend then weights at the gym Long bike ride with friend then weights at home
Mon On call 5:30 am spinning class or run before work Do stairs at work for total of 30 minutes
Tues Post call 8:30 aerobics class at the gym Swim at the YMCA
Wed Work at 6am Run before work Out with friends after rounds
Thur On call Take stretch bands and do weight work out on call. Do stairs at work for total of 30 minutes
Fri Post call Run before going home Gym before going home for 30 minutes on elliptical trainer
Sat Rounds 6-9 Gym for weights30 minutes on bike at gym Gym for weights after roundsRun in the evening

Step 3:  Cut yourself some slack (i.e. be flexible)

This is an ambitious schedule and there is no way it’s going to happen.  But – if you plan for 7 days, you’ll probably do at least 3 or 4.  If you plan for 3, you are likely to do just 1.   It’s also important to remember this isn’t another task on the scut list.  Above all, going to work out should feel like time to play and decompress … not another “task”.   If there’s a day you leave work to go to spinning class.. but realize you really want to be outside, go play in the park!

Step 4:  Keep a gym bag in your car

Load up a bag with anything you might need to work out – for any contingency.  Get a big bag so you can have your gear for swimming, spin class, running… whatever you like to do.  Even though it’s rare, there will be some days that you get out earlier than planned .. or the call schedule is messed up and you really aren’t on call.  Every once in a while you get a totally quiet day (yes, they are rare, but they do happen) and you can “run an errand” with the permission of your chief resident.   Take advantage of those days to take care of yourself by going to work out.

An Open Letter to All Graduating Medical Students: Academic Medicine 84:539-540, 2009

This is a wonderful letter to all graduating medical students from Steven L. Kanter, MD, editor in chief of Academic Medicine.

“Remember that you take with you such an amazing gift to offer to society. Some of you will advance our understanding of medicine by discovering new knowledge, some of you will ensure our future by teaching others, and some of you will attend to the very meaning of life, one patient at a time.”

http://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/2009/05000/An_Open_Letter_to_All_Graduating_Medical_Students.1.aspx

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Starting Medical School – What To Do This Summer

I’ve had several new college graduates ask me what they should do this summer to prepare for medical school.    It’s easy – don’t worry about it!  There is no studying or preparation that will improve how you do.  Seriously, you’ve been accepted and you will do fine.  I know you are anxious, but I can absolutely guarantee you don’t need to study anything to get ready!  That being said, I do have some advice about what to do this summer:

Take a vacation (or two or three…).

  • Visit family and friends – take a road trip and connect with people you haven’t seen in a while
  • Hang out on a beach, go for some great hikes, read some great novels
  • Sleep late, eat well, and just rest

Develop (or strengthen) an exercise habit.

  • Use this summer to develop  a daily exercise routine that you can take into your busy medical school life.  Overall, your goal for the summer should be to develop a balanced exercise program (cardio, strength training and flexibility).  If you’ve never done any strength training, hire a trainer and learn about it.  Your goal during medical school should be at least 30 minutes of cardio 4-5 times/week, 2-3 strength training sessions (that cover all the major muscle groups) and stretching everyday.  If you develop a balanced exercise routine this summer, it will be much, much easier to continue this once you start medical school.
  • Commit to doing at least 30 minutes of exercise a day this summer.    Running is by far the best cardio exercise for medical students.  Use this summer to become a runner.   http://wellnessrounds.org/why-you-should-run-and-how-to-get-started/

If you don’t know how to cook, learn.

Starting Medical School: Rules of the Road

If you are reading this because you are preparing to start medical school – welcome!  You are now part of one of the most noble professions in the world.  You are no longer just a student, you are part of a profession… as of now.

Medical school is a wonderful, but at times difficult experience.  As you start this fantastic journey, there are a few “rules” I think might help:

1. You can drink from a fire hydrant, but you’ll need to learn how.

The amount of information you are going to be exposed to in medical school is logarithmically more than you had to learn in college.  It really is like being asked to drink from a fire hydrant.   You are going to have to study more, study better and actually use the time in class to learn.  (more posts to follow with concrete tips on how to do this.)  But – here’s the good news.  You’ll be able to do it.   Everyone who has gone through this has thought at various times that a) everyone here is smarter than I am, b) the admissions committee must have made a mistake and I’m not really supposed to be here and c)  there is absolutely no way to read all of this material.  And… we all discover that a) we are just as smart as everyone else (sometimes in different ways, but all effective) b) nobody made a mistake – we really are supposed to be here and c) you have to change the way you study, but you really can learn this much material.

2. Make your bed.

You wanted to become a doctor for a myriad of reasons, but one of them was surely because service to others is important for you.   Therefore, you are already primed to sacrifice a lot of your needs for other people.  Sacrifice is part of the culture of medicine.  But, it’s like a Starling curve… a little sacrifice makes you better, but too much makes you ineffective.  Doctors are notorious for this; we forget that if we don’t take care of ourselves, we really can’t take care of others.   “Make your bed” is a simple rule (and action) which helps you remember that you need to take care of your environment, your fitness, your nutrition and your spiritual wellbeing as you are learning how to become a physician.

3. Act like a doctor.

We (all practicing physicians) see you as a doctor already.  I know this is a really hard concept for first year medical students, but it’s absolutely true.  You have started your apprenticeship and, unless you are one of the very, very few who change their mind, you will have an MD after your name in 4 years.  With all of the joys and privileges that come with this role, there are a few responsibilities to start thinking about as well.  Start thinking about your decisions, words and actions in this context.  You’ll learn a lot of specific details about professional behavior as your apprenticeship goes on, like protecting patient confidentiality, peer review, etc.,  but the core values of professionalism start when you enter the profession, which is now.

4. Kindness matters.

It is remarkable how our paths in medicine cross over and over again.  The person sitting next to you on the first day of medical school may be someone who will be an intern with you in 4 years or who will refer you patients 10 years from now.  You and your classmates will be going through classes together (like you did in college), but this is different.  You are starting your professional life together as well.  The camaraderie that results is a gift and is also very important personally and professionally.  Don’t blow off the class events.  Don’t stay home to study instead of going to class.  Go out of your way to meet everyone in your class and really get to know them.  Cultivate and nurture these important friendships.

5. Enjoy the journey

The first year or two of medical school may, at times, seem like an obstacle course you have to “get through” to get to the “real stuff”.  The basic science curriculum is not a rite of passage!   It turns out that even the “trivia” (or at least that’s what it will seem like) is important.  You are learning a new vocabulary… a new language.  If you don’t learn the breadth and depth of this new language, when it comes time to apply it to patient care you won’t be “fluent”.

You are about to embark on a life changing (and fulfilling) journey.  This journey is a privilege and it is very, very special.  Take a few minutes everyday to write down the events of the day.  The first time you hear a murmur in a heart will be just that – the first time.  Take a minute to record what that was like.  You are going to have a lot to process as you start studying anatomy – more than just the names of the structure.  “Talking” about it in a journal is a great way to make the transition we all make in the anatomy lab.   There are also going to be some hilarious stories and events that you’ll forget if you don’t write them down.  When you look at them later, you’ll be glad you recorded them.  Recording these moments doesn’t have to be by writing.  If you are an artist, you may want to use drawings.  Photos of your classmates (and some of those humorous moments) will become a treasure in the future as well.  (but remember the professionalism rule!)

Exercise for Medical Students and Residents

There is no question that there are many people who have integrated exercise into their daily routine so successfully that they don’t even think about it.  It becomes part of their day, just like brushing their teeth, or putting on their pants in the morning.  But even though it seems like the majority of people around you are in this category, it’s just not true.  There are the real exceptions – like the guy who gets up at 4 every morning (even if he went to sleep at 2) to run.  If you have never been an “athlete” you may feel really intimidated by these people.  .

The benefits of exercise during your training can’t be overestimated.

  • It’s the right thing to do.  Physicians do physical as well as intellectual work.  You are taking care of people’s families.  It doesn’t surprise you that policemen, firemen, astronauts and soldiers have physical fitness as a requirement.  It’s no different for us. .
  • You will have a life after training.  In your 20s and 30s, you may be able to get away with not being active, but those years of inactivity will be paid for later.
  • You will feel better physically.  You will have more energy.
  • You will feel better emotionally.  There is a direct effect of working out (stress reduction), but there is also the psychological benefit of taking care of yourself.

Consistency, not intensity is the key

One of the biggest mistakes you can make is to view working out as something that you do as an activity “outside” of your day.  A 45 minute work out, plus the time to get to the gym, plus showering and changing can easily take an hour and a half.  For many residents, that kind of time commitment is a luxury they can’t afford.  So, we have great intentions to get to the gym 3 times a week… and next thing you know, a month has gone by with no trips to the gym at all.  One of the ways to improve consistency is to have a list of a variety of things to choose from.  Although it’s expensive in most cities, a gym membership will help.  See if it can’t be part of your holiday “wish list” for your family.  The other thing that should be on that list, by the way, is a maid once a week to do your laundry and clean your house.  Unless, of course, you want to use housecleaning as one of your calorie burning activities!

It’s a skill, and there are teachers

Most people know about cardiovascular training and have probably run, swam, or biked at some point in their life.  The nice thing about running, swimming and biking is that everyone can do them, often at any time of the day, and it doesn’t take a lot of money, or a gym membership to do.  But there are other options for cardiovascular fitness that you can explore – spinning classes, martial arts training, aerobics classes – when these are offered at gyms, there will always be a teacher to help you learn.

Even though the emphasis is often on cardiovascular training alone, fitness is a composite of cardiovascular, strength and flexibility training.  If you’ve never participated in team sports, and haven’t had a reason to be in a gym, there is a good chance you don’t know the basics about weight training.  You are not alone, and it’s normal to feel a bit intimidated.  You can find a fellow resident to show you, but, often they haven’t learned proper form, either.  It’s better to have a pro show you.  If you join a gym, there are several options.  Many gyms have circuit classes using free weights – which is a great combination of cardiovascular and strength training.  There are also personal trainers.  Although you probably won’t want to spend the money for a trainer on a regular basis, you can hire one for 2 or 3 sessions to teach you about each of the machines, and help you plan a workout routine or two.

Unfortunately, morning is usually the best time to work out

There are a few people who, no matter how tired they are can get to the gym, or go for a run after work.  If your day started at 5 or 6 and is ending after 5 or 6 (or 7 or 8 or…), most people are just too tired and the call of the couch is too strong to go workout.   In general, the most consistent exercisers usually get it done first thing in the morning.  For most medical students morning will usually work.  As you enter your residency, you are going to have to be more flexible.

Different days = different workouts

Call days are tough… and, for exercise, the day after call is the toughest of all.  The key here is consistency.  On the post-call day, don’t plan for long workout at the gym, but do plan for a 20 minute brisk walk when you get home.  If there is a way to have someone cover you for 30 minutes before morning rounds, go for an early morning run outside, or climb the stairs in the hospital for 20 minutes.  Don’t forget to plan in a day or two of rest, every week.  It’s tempting to use the post-call day for your recovery and that may be the best thing some weeks.  However, recovery from call is easier if it includes some working out.

Energy for Call

Food is fuel.  It’s also solice if you are stressed, and face it – it’s fun to eat. Other professions that deal with stress and physical labor have learned the lesson about not paying attention to nutrition.  The culture of medicine demands a “selflessness” that borders on the absurd.  It is often a badge of honor that you can go all day without eating.  But, when you consider the consequences of such behavior, it is really crazy.  There is no benefit to the patients, and clear harm to the doctor.

Eat often and eat well

When you are physically and intellectually busy (an average day on call in the hospital) you need to plan to eat every 3-4 hours.  In general, you will have one “meal” (i.e lunch) in the middle of the day and two snacks.  It’s not always going to possible to stop for lunch at lunchtime, but you should be able to find 10 minutes at some point in between 11 and 4 to eat a meal.  Different rotations have different demands, and you can certainly take this into account when planning your meals.  A peanut butter and jelly sandwich on whole wheat requires no preparation, and no refrigeration (it can even go in the pocket of your white coat).  Alternatively, buy a loaf of whole wheat bread every week, and put the bread, a jar of peanut butter and a jar of jelly in your locker. It takes 2 minutes to make a sandwich to put into your pocket on the way to a conference or a brief break.  Bring leftovers from the previous night’s dinner to reheat and have for lunch.  You need to plan to include fruits and vegetables as part of every meal and your snacks.  Buy a bag of apples once a week and put them in your locker.. and then make sure you eat the entire bag every week.  The snacks don’t need to be elaborate, but you do need to watch the clock and eat them – even if you are not hungry!

Examples of easy snacks for the hospital

  • “Meal replacement bars” (power bars, Luna bars, Kind bars etc)
  • “Meal replacement drinks” (Ensure, Boost, etc)
  • Skim milk with either graham crackers/peanut butter or a banana
  • Cheese stick and an apple
  • Melba toast or other crackers with sliced cheese plus some fruit
  • Yogurt