The Cost of a “Free” Lunch

When I was in medical school it was common practice for drug companies to buy everyone in our class a doctor’s bag, stethoscope, and even an otoscope. (For reference, these are “gifts” that would currently cost well over $100 each). We didn’t think anything of it at the time – It had been this way for decades and was considered completely normal. Pharmaceutical company “gifts” were also part of my residency, mostly food brought to our clinic or lounge and “free meals” at fancy restaurants in exchange for a presentation about their newest (and most expensive) drug or device. (Not to mention the thousands of pads of paper and pens that were left in every clinic.) 

A collection of pharmaceutical pens

“What has become unusual, at least for me, is how hard it now is to separate the plate in front of me from the patient in front of me, the one who asks whether there is a cheaper alternative, whether the coupon will still work next month, or whether they can wait until payday to fill the prescription.”

Timothy Lesaca.

Timothy Lesaca is a private practice psychiatrist who no longer accepts pharmaceutical-sponsored lunches in his office and wrote this essay to explain why. Reading his story made me think about my own decision to not accept gifts from drug reps and, in particular, the event that started me down that road…

I was getting ready to leave the hospital when a friend (and fellow chief resident) called…  

“Where are you?”

“I’m still at the hospital.”

“You should come over to the [name of hotel across the street from the hospital]”

“What’s going on?”

“There’s a great dinner being put on by [name of a company that sells antibiotics]. You can stay for the food if you have time, but the important thing is that all you have to do is sign in and they give you a hundred dollar bill!”

“Thanks!”

And then it hit me…

The next day, I called my dad (who taught business ethics at the University of Texas) to tell him the story and discuss how uneasy the whole thing had made me feel. He listened carefully, paused and then said, “You know, that reminds me of a story.”

Winston Churchill was invited to a formal dinner and, being the guest of honor, was seated next to a “very important” woman who happened to be an insufferable jerk. He put up with her for most of the dinner but finally couldn’t take it anymore. He turned to her and asked “Madame, would you sleep with me for a million dollars?” She was flustered but with his reassurance that it was just a thought experiment she finally responded “Well, yes, I suppose I would.” He then asked “Would you sleep with me for twenty dollars?” This time she was really insulted and in a huff asked “What do you think I am? A prostitute?” To which he responded “We’ve already established that… Now we are bickering over the price.

Medicine is filled with moral injury, that horrible feeling when you know the right thing to do but work in a system that doesn’t let you do it. That’s why, when faced with a clear moral dilemma that you can control (no matter how small), it’s important to summon your moral courage to do the right thing. Those little choices are how we calibrate our moral compasses, how we remember what we believe – and who we are trying to become.

Every single choice we make, no matter how small, is the ground where who we are meets what is in the world.

Wayne Muller

Spogomi, After Hours Calls, and The Size of Life

Get in shape, meet new friends, AND help the environment?

Screengrab photo from here which I learned about here

Spogomi is a new “sport” where teams of people compete to pick up as much litter as they can in a specified time period. 

“Some 53 million tonnes of plastic waste and 4.5 trillion cigarette butts are discarded on streets and landscapes globally each year. Japanese runner Kenichi Mamitsuka began scooping up some of them on his morning jogs in 2008, and soon hit on the idea of gamifying his public-spirited act to raise awareness of littering.” From this article

Cash to pay to talk to your doctor after hours?

“My father was on the phone for a long time with the nurse in his primary care doctor’s office working out a challenge with the timing of his various medications. They accidentally got cut off, so he called back… just after 5pm. The phones had been automatically transferred to the answering service and he was told that if he wanted to talk to someone he would have to pay in cash.”

I asked a few questions to make sure I had heard the friend telling me this story correctly (since I couldn’t believe what I had heard…)

Have you experienced this or know someone who has? 

The size of life

I hope you enjoy this amazing work as much as I did. Thank you Neal Agarwal and Julius Csotonyi!!

Screen grab from here

Portable Devotion, “Socialization”, and How to Eat Well On Call.

Portable devotion

What a fascinating journey this morning as I travelled 1500 years back in time (via the internet) to this medieval portable altar. 

On my first roll of the digital dice on this website that randomly links to other websites, I arrived at a database of portable medieval altars, created by a historian whose research interest is “portable devotion”. Lots to think about here…

“Socializing” an idea

I suspect the word has been around for a while, but I learned that “socializing” has become part of “business speak” in medical centers and hospitals, as in… “Go socialize that idea with them first.”

It turns out this new vocabulary is just a new way of describing what great leaders have known all along…you don’t know what you don’t know. 

Source

“Socializing” a new idea starts with determining who might want to “veto” your new idea and then meeting with them, not to persuade them, but to learn from them. With each meeting you learn more which lets you refine the project and, at the same time, allows your organization to evolve with you. 

The best thing I learned is that the concept now referred to as “socializing” came from the Japanese concept of Nemawashi (根回し)… “Nemawashi literally translates as “turning the roots”, from ne (, “root”) and mawasu (回す, “to turn something, to put something around something else”). Its original meaning was literal: in preparation for transplanting a tree, one would carefully dig around a tree some time before transplanting, and trim the roots to encourage the growth of smaller roots that will help the tree become established in its new location.” (Wikipedia)

#CallFood

There are lots of people who spend nights in the hospital to care for others… physicians, nurses, techs, and many others. 

Especially for trainees who work long hours, eating well when you are on call is not easy. There are usually few (if any) options available in the hospital, and when you are exhausted it’s hard to prepare and bring your own food. 

But eating well is really important …. not just nutritionally, but emotionally as well. Here’s a link to the system I’ve found works the best, but deciding that Diet Coke, graham crackers, and cereal are not major food groups is the critical first step. 

p.s. I post recipes that meet the “pizza rule” (less time to cook than it takes to order a pizza) on Bluesky, Facebook, and Instagram with the hashtag #CallFood. 

p.p.s Here’s the recipe for my breakfast tacos (which are also the best 2am #CallFood you will ever have). 

Yes, You Need a “Business Card”…

Scenario 1: A new team of residents meets in the lounge. They text each other their phone numbers with their names.

Scenario 2: You are in your last year of training, and your mentor introduces you to a friend of theirs who is trying to hire a new partner. You chat for a minute and they ask you for your contact info.

Scenario 3: You run into an old friend and realize neither of you have updated information for each other.

Scenario 4: You get home from a meeting and pull 8 (actual) business cards people gave you out of your coat pocket and then… Take a photo of them? Throw them away? Actually take the time to enter the info into the contacts on your phone?

Please open your phone and find the contacts app. At the top of the list of contacts there is a contact labelled “My Card” which is A  DIGITAL BUSINESS CARD YOU DIDN’T KNOW YOU HAD!

Next, fill in the information (don’t forget a photo). It’s ok to include your personal info (home address, personal email, etc). Based on this reddit feed (and in my experience) when you click “Share Contact” you can select what will become the default going forward. (If you are worried, exclude your personal information and make a second “personal info” contact card that you can share with friends.)

Then, go to Settings  > General > AirDrop, then turn on “Bring Devices Together”.

Here’s the cool part (If you have an iPhone)…

When you touch the top of two iPhones together your contact (aka business card) will be shared with the other phone (They cleverly call this “Name Drop“). You have to agree to share the info each time (a nice security measure). If you don’t have an iPhone, or the direct transfer doesn’t work for some reason, you can open your contact, click on “Share contact” and then choose airdrop, text message, or email to share it.

Scenario 1 revisited: A new team of residents meets in the lounge. They all open their contact card and hit “Share contact” via Airdrop. In less that 2 minutes everyone has the contact information for the entire team.

Scenario 2 revisited: Your mentor introduces you to a friend of theirs who is trying to hire a new partner. You chat for a minute and they ask you for your contact info.You pull out your phone and transfer the information directly to their phone. (which also wins you their contact if they agree… and impresses them if they haven’t see it before)

Scenario 3 revisited: You run into an old friend and realize neither of you have updated information for each other. See above! You touch phones and transfer your contact info instantly.

Scenario 4 revisited: You get home from a meeting and pull 8 (actual) business cards out of your coat pocket and… Take a photo of them? Throw them away? Actually take the time to enter the info into the contacts on your phone?   Old news! This won’t happen again… 😊

A Parable About Pausing

It was a Wednesday afternoon.  I was an intern on the pediatric surgery service at the busy county hospital.  I had arrived at work at 5am the previous day and we’d had a very busy night taking care of patients.I had not slept for 35 hours when the clerk in the clinic paged me. Struggling to keep my eyes open, I called the clinic. 

“There’s a mom here with her baby who missed their appointment this morning.”

I was furious. How dare she.  I was fuming, probably muttering to myself, as I walked down the dark stairwell to the clinic. I pulled out the chart and looked at it. 

A new patient. 

A long clinic visit. 

I was incredibly angry as I walked into the room.  I took a breath and pulled myself together to not be frankly rude as I said,  “I’m Dr. Brandt. I’m not sure why you are here now instead of 9am – which is when your appointment was?” 

She stood in front of me, holding the newborn I was about to see, two toddlers clinging to her legs, and looked at the floor. In a quiet voice she said, “We left our house at 6am. It took us three bus transfers to get here.”

It was my turn to look at the floor, humbled and ashamed. 

The Holy Family of the Streets by Kelly Lattimore

There is hardly a day that goes by that someone doesn’t push one or more of our buttons. Whether it’s a family who is angry (or late), an ER resident who calls and says “I know you are in a code, but we need a disposition…” or the nurse who is responding to an angry family and calls for the third time in an hour to see when you are coming…there are moments in our day that make us want to jump through the phone and strangle the person calling us. 

Don’t let anyone tell you you shouldn’t get mad. Anger and frustration are honest, human reactions to stressful situations and unreasonable requests. Yes, the person on the other end of the phone might be in a bad place… and it’s never wrong to give them a little grace… but sometimes they just don’t care or are being jerks.  But here’s the thing… it’s hard to control our emotional response to these moments but it’s not hard (if we practice) to control our reaction to those emotions. And as much as it’s the right thing to do, it’s also a practice that helps us. 

Viktor Frankl explains it like this:  “Between stimulus and response, there is a space. In that space is our power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and our freedom.” 

So here’s your practice for today. Watch for the space between your emotional reaction to an unreasonable request and your response. The next time it happens, see if you can make that space bigger. And then choose a response that reflects who you are (and want to become). 

*If you don’t know the story of Viktor Frankl, its worth learning. He graduated from medical school in 1931 and, like so many German Jewish doctors, he and his family were arrested and sent to Nazi concentration camps. He survived, but his wife, parents, and brother did not. This is an experience that would break most of us beyond repair, but Viktor Frankl was able to find meaning and purpose in the midst of unthinkable horror. His most famous book is Man’s Search For Meaning, a book worth reading and rereading for all of us.

Do What’s Right

I have the extraordinary of gift of sitting with my father, Floyd Brandt, in hospice this week. His (beautiful) heart is failing, but his mind is still sharp, and his spirit is completely at peace. The following is his last lecture as a professor (to his graduate seminar in Business Ethics)

It gives me great joy to share it with you.

Retiring is a little like having your first child.  There is nothing particularly unique about the exercise except it is a first time experience that requires no specific skills or expertise and arrives with an unknown outcome .

The initial inclination while preparing comments for a last class is to draw from all the literature and all of one’s experiences to craft some statement filled with lasting words capable of shaping the hearts and minds of students for their remaining years.

Shortly after entertaining such a prospect, it became immediately apparent that teaching has taught me that that while the words may be forthcoming, the impact is not likely to be so resounding.  Given that reality, the best course of action is to make a few short comments and say good-bye.

The closing line from Stephen Sondheim’s song “Send in the Clowns” came to mind. “Isn’t it rich, isn’t it queer, losing my timing so late in my career.”

In these last few minutes of the last organized university class that I will teach, I would like to suggest to each of you:

Define what is important to you. Attempt to determine what you are worshiping, because without that understanding, you are adrift and likely to be pushed ever-which-way.

Come to terms with the finite and the infinite dimensions of your being. Until you come to terms with the end of your existence, you will find living in the present to be difficult.

Cultivate the disciplines necessary to contend with the vagaries of the world around you.  Perhaps the most important are the disciplines of the mind and of the spirit. The first step is often that of finding a quiet place to meditate and contemplate.

Learn the significance of uncertainty, choosing, and evaluating and then celebrate them.  The definition of who you are is largely a product of the questions you ask and the choices you make. It is difficult to learn that the choices made today are the offspring of choices made yesterday.

Experience the joy of thanksgiving. Recognize that joy and hope are rooted in faith in the belief that what you have and what you are is a gift. As much as possible expunge the demons of comparison and competition and accept that sweeping out the harpies circling round the “enthroned self” never ends.

But then how does one end a last class in ethics except to recall that ethics is obedience to the unenforceable; a product of what you ask of yourself and not what others ask of you.

And finally, do whatever is right.

Things I Wish I’d Known From the Beginning: Informed Consent

“Can you go get the consent?”

New interns and their more seasoned senior residents are asked this almost every day. So let’s talk about this for a minute and what that question really means…

What you are being asked to do.

The hospital requires a signature on a consent form (always printed with very small font and several pages long). This part of the consent process that has a long history guided primarily by legal counsel for hospitals and, yes, you need to get the signature. But…

The signed form isn’t the consent.

Maybe I should say that again….

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So what is?

Photo credit – from a great article on disclosing the presence of learners in the OR

There are five things that must be present for informed consent. If any of them is missing, it’s not informed consent.

The patient must have the capacity and ability to understand. (No intoxication, translation when needed, etc).

The patient must actually understand. (This means you have to confirm they understood with a conversation – Can they explain it to another family member? Do they have questions?)

The person performing the procedure (or their designee) must describe the procedure and must discuss alternatives, risks (and how likely they are) and the expected benefits (and how likely they are).

The patient has to agree without coercion. (If you aren’t sure about this, don’t proceed)

The consent has to be documented.

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There are questions that every intern would like to ask about this process but can’t/won’t. Here are a few that come to mind…

What if you’ve never performed (or even seen) the procedure yourself? It’s hard to get truly informed consent if you aren’t competent in doing the procedure. But – you know (intellectually) the alternatives, the potential risks and benefits, and the “big picture” of the procedure. Particularly for complicated procedures, you can assume that the attending has discussed these (and therefore is the person who actually got the consent!). Here’s a way to make this easy… “Hello, I’m Dr [xxx}. I know that Dr. Attending has already talked to you about your surgery. I’m here to go over the alternatives, risks and benefits again – to make sure you don’t have any questions I can take back to Dr. Attending for you.”

p.s. If you are “Dr. Attending” in this scenario, you are the one who is ultimately responsible for the informed consent (and liable if it’s not done properly).

Is it important to get the consent just before the procedure? No, in fact it makes it legally more sound and much more efficient to document informed consent when you first see the patient. For elective or semi-elective surgery, it takes no time at all for “Dr. Attending” to put this phrase (or one like it) in their clinic (or ED) note: The procedure including alternatives, risks, and benefits was discussed with the patient, all questions were answered, and informed consent was obtained. This documentation often holds more water than the signed form (at least according to most attorneys I’ve talked to). Best yet – do both. Get the consent form signed at the same time! It’s easy to scan into the medical record to be there for the day of surgery, which is a win-win for almost everyone involved.  

What if It feels like you are scaring the patient/family when you review the list of the possible complications? First of all, that’s a normal feeling. But we have to learn to handle the anxiety that is always part of this process. In addition to trying to be really calm and supportive, here’s how I handle that: “When we decide about doing surgery, we always ask which is riskier… to do it or not do it. For you, we’ve decided together that it’s risker not to do the surgery… which is why you are here. But because there are risks, I want to make sure you understand them and we can talk about them before the operation.”

What if they don’t speak English but the family says they can translate for you? It’s not informed consent unless it’s translated into their language by a professional medical translator. Imagine the shoe on the other foot. What if your best friend the artist was travelling in a country where none of the doctors or nurses spoke English and they needed surgery? They would be terrified and so would any family member who was with them (even – or maybe especially – if they were being asked to translate). Don’t cut this corner. Please.

Isn’t this blog post oversimplified?

Yes!

Informed consent is a fascinating and rapidly changing area of medical ethics. I hope I’ve hit the critical highpoints and addressed a few unspoken questions many trainees have, but it’s unquestionably a “30,000-foot view”.

p.s. If you have more questions, even ones that seem naïve, please comment on this post or email me (if you don’t want them to be public).

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Here are some other great resources to learn more:

American College of Surgeons educational pdf on informed consent

ACS and Association of Surgical Education student curriculum on informed consent

Informed Consent for Academic Surgeons: A Curriculum-Based Update (with links to all the slides for the course!)

Whose Decision Is It? Teaching Students and Physicians About Informed Consent

Informed Consent and Shared Decision Making in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Fantastic You Tube video on obtaining informed consent

Treating Patients as Partners, by Way of Informed Consent – column by Pauline W. Chen in the New York Times

 

 

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Compassion, #COVID19, and @Twitter

No one listens, learns, or changes their mind when they are being attacked. As healers, we know this. We deal with patients and families all the time who don’t understand or are so traumatized that the last thing we would think of doing is yelling at them as we try to help them on their journey to health.

We’ve all seen the videos of mobs of people without masks rushing to get to the front of a crowd to hear @realDonaldTrump. We’ve all seen the photos of people in crowds at bars, parties, and on college campuses with no one wearing masks. If you are tempted to think this is ok, I have two things I’d like to share…

It’s not about you.

I totally agree that, as an adult, if you want to not wear a seatbelt, you have that right. But you don’t have the right to drive drunk and kill or injure someone else. If you want to drive 80 miles an hour on your ranch and ignore safety, go for it! But if you want to speed and run stop signs on our shared roads, that’s not ok. Why? Because the person you hit with your car could be a family member or friend… and they will unquestionably be a neighbor (because we are all neighbors).

Masks are about compassion.

If you come down with COVID19, it’s also not just about you. If you do get sick with COVID19 (and I hope you don’t), it’s not about “getting over it” like a cold. You could have a lifetime of consequences… but if it was just about you, that would be your choice.  But that’s not how this works.  If you are COVID19 positive (with or without symptoms), you can infect your elderly family member, the kid next door who is on chemotherapy for cancer, the nurse who takes care of you when you go, frightened and alone (since no one will be allowed to stay with you), to the hospital.

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Since my new friend on Twitter asked me about the science, I’m happy to help with some of what we know:

  1. Masks decrease the spread of COVID19 in a community.
  2. Masks do not cause low oxygen levels.
  3. Masks do not cause an increase in carbon dioxide.
  4. COVID can be spread for up to 6 days before you develop symptoms.
  5. There are people who have the virus, can spread it to others, but never develop symptoms.
  6. The virus is small, but it travels on droplets (that’s how others get infected) – and that’s why masks work. (That’s also why it’s not cool to put on masks made of lace, gauze or other things with holes)
  7. We can’t rely on herd immunity, unless we think its ok to have up to 2 million dead Americans.
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p.s. I changed how I interact with folks on social media after I listened to Nadia Bolz Weber’s interview with Megan Phelps-Roper on her podcast, The Confessional. Megan Phelps-Roper was a member of the Westboro Baptist Church who became the voice of her family on Twitter, spreading their particularly venomous message. But a funny thing happened … there were people on Twitter who, instead of yelling at her, responded to her venom with compassion and curiosity… and it changed her life.

Don’t Eat the M&Ms

As a former Program Director, I couldn’t help but imagine the conversations that occurred after this event…

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After “WHAT WERE YOU THINKING?????” – which would have probably been my first sentence – I would have been upset, but I also would have realized that these residents were meeting in the way that residents and students have met forever. They were having a goodbye party for people who were leaving. Probably not outside, and probably not socially distanced, judging by the outcome, but I totally get it.

But the consequences of a casual party like this are real and it’s worth thinking about this by asking three questions…

1. What are the chances you’ll get infected at a party?

This one is easy. You have 100% chance of getting infected… unless it’s 0%… and there is no way to know which way it will go.

A recent report of 32,480 nursing home residents and staff showed that “Of the individuals who tested positive, 70.8% of residents and 92.4% of staff lacked symptoms at the time of testing.” The authors also showed that the viral load (which helps predict whether or not the individual is infectious) was the SAME in people who had symptoms and those who didn’t; “In a large cohort of individuals screened for SARS-CoV-2 by qRT-PCR, we found strikingly similar distributions of viral load in patients with or without symptoms at the time of testing.”

What this means in practice is that every single person we encounter has to be considered infectious.  And that means every event and every encounter has to be carried out in a way that will prevent transmission of the virus.

2. What are the chances you’ll get really sick or even die if you get COVID19?

Based on data from the CDC, for 20-40 year old people with no underlying medical conditions, here’s the answer to my hypothetical M&M question:

  • 700 of the M&Ms will give you fever, cough, and/or shortness of breath. Lots of patients describe it as having “lungs on fire.”
  • 440 of the M&Ms will give you some pretty awful muscle cramps and aches.
  • 120 of the M&Ms will make you lose you sense of smell and taste. It usually comes back, but not always
  • 3 or 4 of them will put you in the hospital (that goes up to around 20 M&Ms if you have an underlying medical condition)
  • 1 of them will put you in the ICU unless you have an underlying medical condition. In that case, 5 of them will put you in the ICU
  • It’s unlikely you’ll die unless you have an underlying medical condition, in which case 3 of the M&Ms will kill you. If you carry this home to your 70 year old grandparent with an underlying medical condition, they have a 20% chance of dying (the equivalent of 200 M&Ms for you).

3. If you are in health care, what effect will this have on your patients and your colleagues?

Whenever I struggle with a decision as a doctor, I go back to my “rules”, which serve as the reference point for my moral compass.

Rule 1: Do what’s right for the patient.

Rule 2: Look cool doing it.

Rule 3: Don’t hurt anything that has a name.

If, as a healer, you decide that “just this once” won’t be much of a risk and you end up with COVID19, you break all three rules. You will be infectious for a long time before you get symptoms… which means you will expose patients, friends and colleagues (who all have names) to this potentially deadly disease. And – there is nothing less “cool” than creating a avoidable situation that ends up with colleagues having to cover for you while you are in quarantine and/or recover from COVID19.

We all want this to end… and it will.

We have a special calling – and responsibility – as healers (which includes all healthcare workers since healing takes a team). It’s what makes our work so filled with awe, and so rewarding. It’s also a burden sometimes. But we all took an oath, we all made a promise, and when we are past this point in history and looking back, it will mean something that we held true to that promise.

Loving Us Back to Together

I have such sorrow, such a heavy heart. How, on the same day we mourn those who died fighting for our freedom should we have to mourn 100,000 mostly preventable deaths from #COVID19?

Link to video of the NYT front page

How can people justify gathering together like this party in Missouri?

Parties like this will almost surely lead to COVID19 infections…. and deaths. Probably not death for the people who attended parties like this one, but the death of their grandparents, their friends recovering from cancer, the doctors and nurses who see them and take care of them when they fall ill from COVID19.

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This is not hard. COVID19 is a very infectious virus that spreads between us when we breath, cough, sneeze or sing near each other. We just have to decrease the time we are together, the distance between us, and cover our nose and mouth when we are with other people if we want to protect each other.

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Disregarding the science behind how to deal with this pandemic is like standing in front of a burning building and telling the firefighters as they arrive that there isn’t really a fire.

There is a fire, friends. It will stop eventually, as we get better and better at treating and preventing the spread of COVID19, but for right now… our house is on fire.

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I recently listened to the first episode of Nadia-Bolz Weber’s new podcast ““The Confessional”. In that episode, she interviewed Megan-Phelps Roper who grew up in the Westboro Baptist Church. Megan’s “job” for the church, along with picketing synagogues, the LGBTQ community and the funerals of American soldiers killed in the Middle East, was to use Twitter to spread the hateful beliefs of the church. And boy was she successful.

But then something changed. Instead of being yelled at on Twitter by people who (justifiably) found the behavior of the Westboro Baptist Church abhorrent, she was befriended by someone who was kind to her. I’ll let you read this article, her book, or listen to the podcast, but through the kindness of her new Twitter friend she was able to have space to think without being judged… which led her to a place of love rather than hate.

As I thought about the angry responses to some of my recent Twitter posts, some of which I can’t even share here because of the language, I realized that “yelling”, in person or online never leads anywhere. If we are to get through this time together, and alive, we have to be kind to each other – in person and online. We have to see through the rhetoric and understand that anger often comes from a place of fear. We have to acknowledge that we are all afraid… and that we are all in this together.

Wear your mask. Stay home when you can. Stay at least 6 feet apart. And, please… be kind.  

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