Writing an “Exercise Prescription”

According to exercise physiologist Michael Hewitt, PhD, health can be viewed as a four-legged stool.  The four legs are physical activity, optimal nutrition, stress management and sleep.  If any one of them is missing, the stool will wobble.  If two are missing, it will fall.  For practicing physicians and trainees, sleep is often the hardest of the four to manage.  Stress is next – it is part of our job, but can be reduced with with meditation and exercise.  Paying attention to what you eat (especially on call) and cooking your own food will help improve your nutrition.  The fourth “leg” may be the most important (and most neglected) aspect of physician health – physical activity.

It doesn’t matter how healthy (or not) you are  – if you add more physical activity to your week you will improve your health.  We all learn this in medical school – exercise helps prevent and treat a wide variety of chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, arthritis… the list goes on and on.  Exercise is medicine! The message is clear, we should be increasing our own physical activity and “prescribing” activity for our patients.

Photo credit

Dr. Hewitt suggests that it’s not that hard to write an actual prescription for exercise.  First, decide what “dose” is needed – disease prevention, basic health level, enhanced fitness level, or performance level and then – literally – write a prescription that includes each of the 5 components of exercise.

Here is what the prescriptions would look like (below).  You can actually write them on prescription pads for your patients. (Don’t forget to write one for yourself… this is a really good exception to the rule that we shouldn’t write prescriptions for ourselves or our families.)

Disease Prevention

Cardiovascular Exercise: Accumulate 30-60 minutes of physical activity most days

Strength Training: Include weight-bearing activity most days

Flexibility: Maintain range of motion by bending and stretching in daily activities

Body Composition: Men <25% body fat, Women <38% body fat

Balance and Agility:

Basic Health Level

Cardiovascular Exercise: Play or large muscle repetitive activity 20+ minutes 3 times a week

Strength Training: Leg press or squat,chest press, lat pull down or row 1-2 sets 2x/week with enough weight to challenge your muscles

Flexibility: 2-4 limitation-specific stretches after activity, hold 20-30 seconds

Body Composition: Men <25% body fat, Women <38% body fat

Balance and Agility: “Act like a child” – balance line, “step on a crack”, brush teeth standing on one foot

Enhanced Fitness Level

Cardiovascular Exercise: Play or aerobic activity 40-60+minutes 4-6 times per week

Strength Training:  Balanced whole-body machine or free weight program, 2-3 sets, 3x/week to “functional failure”

Flexibility: 6-10+ whole-body stretches after activity, 1-2 reps

Body Composition: Men: 12-20% body fat, Women 20-30% body fat

Balance and Agility: Recreational sports:  tennis, bicycle, tai chi, dancing, stability ball training

Performance Level

Cardiovascular Exercise: Add interval training and/or competition

Strength Training: Add muscle endurance or power training, add pilates work, add ascending or descending pyramids

Felixibility: Add yoga, pilates, facilitated stretching with a partner

Body Composition: Men 8-15% body fat, Women 17-25% body fat

Balance and Agility: High level sports: ski, skate, surf, yoga, martial arts

Other resources:

How to Write an Exercise Prescription – Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences

Measuring body fat (caliper and tape measure calculators)

“Failure”

Dear Dr. Brandt,

I enjoy your blog very much. As a second year medical student, I know that my peers and I all struggle with what we view as ‘failure’ at some point or another. I imagine this problem doesn’t stop (…ever), especially since medicine seems to attract people who hold themselves to extremely high, if not impossible, standards. If you’re looking for topics, I wonder if you might have some insight to offer on how to deal with the downfalls along the way.
 

Dear colleague,

It is part of our profession that we will never stop trying to be perfect and – just as true – that we will always fall short. As a student, it tends to be about the tests you are taking and the feeling that you will never study enough. As a resident, it’s the feeling that you don’t know enough to make the decisions you are being asked to make. As a practicing physician, you will at times stay awake at night worrying about your decisions, even when you know you did the best you could. All of this sounds like a huge downside to the profession we’ve chosen, but it’s actually a blessing.  One of the core personality traits of physicians is that they care. In a way, all of the stress about not doing well enough happens only because you have empathy and compassion for your patients.

Although it’s hard to believe at the beginning, with time you will realize that the feeling of having “failed” is actually a gift.  You’ll discover that “mistakes” and, more importantly, “near misses” become your most valuable teachers.  What’s important is that you grasp the opportunity to learn from falling short, rather than beating yourself up.  “Failing” at a task (or test) is different than being a “failure.”  When you have moments you feel you could have done better, use it as motivation to study a little more, go back to the textbook, look up one more article, or review all the facts again.   William Osler, in his famous book to medical students (Osler’s Aequanimitas) talked about keeping a journal of mistakes:   “Begin early to make a threefold category – clear cases, doubtful cases, mistakes.  And learn to play the game fair, no self-deception, no shrinking from the truth… It is only by getting your cases grouped in this way that you can make any real progress in your post-collegiate education; only in this way can you gain wisdom with experience. “

So, to answer your question about how to deal with the downfalls along the way –  Start by revisiting your motivation. Remember why you started down this path in the first place. If you are trying your best to do the right thing, and are humble about the fact that you are human (and will therefore fall short) you can end every day with satisfaction and a sense of accomplishment. That being said, make sure that you work with focus – that when you study or work it is with dedication to the patients and families who are trusting you with some of the most precious decisions of their life. When you fall short, use it as motivation to learn. But, in this process, make sure you are taking care of yourself. The worst thing you can do when you feel inadequate is to just work more and more. This leads inevitably to compassion fatigue which makes you less effective (and will make you suffer). Compassion fatigue is a common diagnosis for care-givers; it happens to every medical student, resident or physician at some point in time. Just like any other diagnosis, the next step is treatment. In a nutshell, the treatment is self-care. Start with a great walk somewhere beautiful, and as you walk ask yourself how you can best care for your body, your mind, and your soul. Be as kind to yourself as you would be to a good friend as you recover. And just like you would tell that friend… Eat good food, sleep enough, get some exercise, get outside, and look for joy and wonder everywhere you can!

Easy Fast Recipes: Quinoa

Quinoa is a seed which resembles a grain.  It originated in South America and was considered to be a sacred grain by the Incas.  Nutritionally it has a very high (10-18%) protein level and a balance of all the essential amino acids.  As a food it’s delicious – a little more nutty than rice.  It’s easy to cook (about the same as rice) and can be substituted for rice or couscous in any recipe.  If you have a rice cooker or Instant Pot (which are both great appliance for busy docs) you can cook quinoa on the white rice settings.

Breakfast Quinoa With Fruit and Almonds

 

Stir-Fried Quinoa With Vegetables and Tofu

Favorite quinoa salad

Osler’s desk

Sir William Osler was probably one of the most prolific, most loved and most respected physicians in American history.  Osler is credited with the concept of journal clubs, with being responsible for bringing medical students onto the wards for “clinical clerkships” and for the structure of the modern medical residency.   Osler is also famous for quotes about medicine and teaching medicine.  But, for this post, I want to focus on something that recently caught my eye … his desk.  Osler wrote the first definitive textbook of Internal Medicine in the United States, The Principles and Practice of Medicine.  I can only assume that a lot of his writing took place at this desk:

Which made me look at my desk and think about desks in general.  There are many of us, particularly in the era of the laptop computer, who use our desks as storage space.  But maybe we are missing an opportunity.  What if, instead of stacking things on our desks, we actually created a space that made it easy to study, read, think and be creative?   Organizing your desk will unquestionably lead to being more productive.  But being productive isn’t the only goal. It’s also important to create a space that makes you look forward to spending “non-productive” time thinking, dreaming and being creative.

Organizing a desk.

  • Keep pens, highlighters, etc that you use in a holder – but only the ones you use.  Get rid of the pens that don’t really work, and the ones you don’t like.
  • Declutter the surface of the desk by hiding electronic wires, filing stacks of papers, etc
  • Keep a scratch notebook on the desk to replace scraps of paper.  Use it for phone messages, ideas, etc.
  • Keep the surface clear of everything except what you are working on (and put it away when you are done)
  • Position your computer screen so it’s ergonomic

Personalizing a desk (and the space it lives in)

  • Make sure you have a great (and very comfortable) chair.
  • Get a really good light.
  • Make sure the area is quiet
  • Keep the area decluttered to decrease visual “stress”
  • If you listen to music when you work, get good speakers for your computer (or a good sound system)
  • Put things in the space that motivate you – art, photos, quotes, etc

Tips for an organized desk from Productivity501.com

Increasing Energy Levels at Work

Eating regularly can really help with energy levels during the day. Based on this interesting study from Canada, it’s also better for your patients.  Not only does this study show that the docs felt better when they ate regularly, they also did better on objective tests of cognition.

If you want to feel good at work start the day with a good breakfast.  Once you get to work, eat balanced snacks or small meals every 3-4 hours.  Energy bars are a great solution if you are really on the run – just put one or two in your white coat pocket.  My favorites are kind bars, mojo bars and clif bars but there are a lot of good choices.  What is important is to choose healthy energy bars not bars that are candy in disguise.

Physician nutrition and cognition during work hours: effect of a nutrition based intervention.   BMC Health Serv Res. 2010 Aug 17;10:241.  Lemaire JB, Wallace JE, Dinsmore K, Lewin AM, Ghali WA, Roberts D.

Department of Medicine University of Calgary Health Sciences Center 3330 University Drive NW Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada. lemaire@ucalgary.ca

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Physicians are often unable to eat and drink properly during their work day. Nutrition has been linked to cognition. We aimed to examine the effect of a nutrition based intervention, that of scheduled nutrition breaks during the work day, upon physician cognition, glucose, and hypoglycemic symptoms.

METHODS: A volunteer sample of twenty staff physicians from a large urban teaching hospital were recruited from the doctors’ lounge. During both the baseline and the intervention day, we measured subjects’ cognitive function, capillary blood glucose, “hypoglycemic” nutrition-related symptoms, fluid and nutrient intake, level of physical activity, weight, and urinary output.

RESULTS: Cognition scores as measured by a composite score of speed and accuracy (Tput statistic) were superior on the intervention day on simple (220 vs. 209, p = 0.01) and complex (92 vs. 85, p < 0.001) reaction time tests. Group mean glucose was 0.3 mmol/L lower (p = 0.03) and less variable (coefficient of variation 12.2% vs. 18.0%) on the intervention day. Although not statistically significant, there was also a trend toward the reporting of fewer hypoglycemic type symptoms. There was higher nutrient intake on intervention versus baseline days as measured by mean caloric intake (1345 vs. 935 kilocalories, p = 0.008), and improved hydration as measured by mean change in body mass (+352 vs. -364 grams, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence in support of adequate workplace nutrition as a contributor to improved physician cognition, adding to the body of research suggesting that physician wellness may ultimately benefit not only the physicians themselves but also their patients and the health care systems in which they work.

Easy Ways to Increase Activity at Work

The Institute of Medicine recommends 60 minutes of vigorous exercise everyday to maintain optimal health. The scientific evidence is clear – we would all be healthier if we did real exercise for an hour a day.  But – as Dr. Richard Forgos says in his commentary on the subject  – “An hour a day? You’ve got to be kidding!”  I agree – It’s next to impossible for most physicians, students and residents to find an hour to exercise every day.  (Which is really more like 1½ or 2 hours if you plan to go somewhere like a gym).

That being said, any amount of exercise you can add to what you are (or aren’t) doing now will improve your health, help you control your weight, and improve your mood.  When you can, try to schedule a real workout.  When you can’t, focus on easy ways to add small amounts of activity into your normal day:

Take the stairs.  For one week, make yourself take the stairs every time you change floors.  You’ll see an improvement in your huffing and puffing by the end of the week, and you’ll be convinced that this is real exercise!  When I was a resident, one of our legendary attendings climbed a new mountain every summer during his vacation.  The only training he ever did was to take the stairs in the hospital.  (He looked great after 10 flights of stairs… the interns were suffering.)  At a minimum make a 2 or 3 floor rule i.e. take the stairs if you are going up 2 or 3 floors.  You should always take the stairs if you are going down!

Commute on your feet. If you live close enough (and it’s safe), walk or bike to work.  If you have to drive, park farther away than you usually do so you have to walk a little farther.

Wear a pedometer. Find out how many steps is an “average” day for you and set a new goal.  Shoot for a minimum of 10,000 steps a day.

Don’t stroll on rounds.  A lot of people who give advice about increasing activity talk about “walk meetings”.  We have walk meetings all the time!  (We call them rounds.)  If you are in charge of rounds, set the standard by walking quickly between areas and taking the stairs.

Drink a lot of water and then use restrooms on a different floor. No one drinks enough water at work, so this helps meet that need.  The obvious consequence of drinking enough water can lead to more walking!

Stand when you are talking on the telephone or writing in a chart. This sounds trivial, but it actually adds a lot to overall activity.  If you are somewhere you won’t be embarrassed, add some squats or lunges while you are talking.

Have active post-call “team meetings”. Instead of meeting for a “beverage” at a restaurant (or other establishment), go play Frisbee in the park (beverages allowed).  (Picture from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_disc)

10 simple ways to increase your physical activity – obesitypanacea.com

Increasing daily activity – American Heart Association

Exercise at work – about.com

Easy Fast Recipes: Cheap, Healthy, Good

Medical students and residents don’t have a lot of money to spend on food.  I was happy to find a new site for easy and healthy recipes that also addressed the cost of the food. Cheap, Healthy, Good is a website maintained by Kristen Swensson Sturt and some guest writers.  They describe their recipes as “mostly simple, delicious dishes made of whole foods. And love. But mostly whole foods.”  There are a lot of recipes that meet my “pizza rule” (i.e. <30 minute rule) and would be great for busy students, residents and practicing docs.

Baked Eggplant with MushroomTomato Sauce

eggplants-ck-222191-l

Pasta Puttanesca

Pasta-Puttanesca

Make Your Day Better Lentil Soup

JaimeSoup

How to Use RSS

I consider myself relatively tech savy (at least not embarrassingly illiterate).  I recently learned how to use RSS – which just seems like something I should have known about for a long time.   So, forgive me if this is ridiculously simple for you, but in case you don’t know how to use RSS, here goes…

Bottom line:

1.     If you want to follow a blog or website you can subscribe with RSS

2.     Anytime the site posts new information it will be automatically sent to you

3.     The new posts are listed by title – you click on the ones you want to read

4.     This saves a lot of time

Here’s more details:

  • RSS stands for Really Simple Syndication
  • When you find a website you want to follow, find either the RSS symbol or something like “to subscribe” and pick RSS

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  • Pick which RSS reader you want to use.  I use Google reader but there are a lot of other readers out there to choose from.  Using a reader like Google, Yahoo, MSN, etc lets you access the reader from any computer, unlike some of the other readers listed here
  • Open your reader when you want to see what’s new on the websites you follow – the “headlines” of all the new posts will be listed.  Clicking on any headline takes you to the full story

Here are a few more sites if you need more information:

http://www.problogger.net/what-is-rss/

http://paulstamatiou.com/how-to-getting-started-with-rss

Physician Suicide

What a hard topic to write about.

Like most physicians, I knew a colleague who committed suicide.  Also, like most physicians, I didn’t see any warning signals.  I recently came across a review article on the subject of physician suicide on emedicine that made me decide to post some information.

Every year in the United States, we lose the equivalent of at least an entire medical school class to physician suicide.  It happens during medical school, residency and once doctors are in practice.  It’s nearly always related to depression – a clinical problem we all learn about, but have trouble recognizing in ourselves or our colleagues.

Depression is a disease, not a personal failing.  It affects 12-18% of practicing physicians and – it’s treatable. It’s often associated with alcohol or substance abuse, which are also treatable.  The good news is that depression, substance abuse and alcoholism are more successfully treated in physicians (and trainees) than the general public – probably because of the personality traits that lead us to become physicians in the first place.

All medical schools have confidential and free support for students and residents.  If you are worried about the effect on your career – don’t.  Seeking treatment is a sign of strength, not weakness.  If you are struggling, please know that there is help and you are not alone.

Here are some important resources (you don’t have to be suicidal to ask any of these sites for information or help)

National Suicide Prevention Hotline 1-800-273-TALK (8255).

http://www.doctorswithdepression.org/ an outreach program from  The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention