Why you should run (even if you hate it) – and how to stay safe when it’s hot outside.

Running is one of the most efficient ways for busy students, resident and physicians to stay in shape.  If you are looking for the best way to meet your “MED” (Minimal Exercise Dose) to stay fit, you really can’t do better than running. It’s cheap (but don’t skimp too much on the shoes and clothes you need), easy (we are born to do it) and incredibly time efficient. You don’t have to plan to run a marathon to gain amazing benefits from a running program.  20-30 minutes, 3-4 times a week, will keep you fit, reduce stress, and prevent the weight gain associated with residency.  If you are a beginner, check out Runner’s World 8 week to start running.

I work with a remarkable runner, Carlos Campos MD, who wrote the following for the Texas Children’s Hospital Department of Surgery wellness newsletter.  Given how hot it is in most of the country right now, I thought the following advice was important to pass on!

Training in hot weather can be challenging, and without the proper precautions it can be dangerous. But a few easy guidelines can help you beat the heat.

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Get the Data

Before stepping out on a hot day, make sure to check the heat index. The heat index combines air temperature and relative humidity to determine how hot it feels. The National Weather Service offers heat index alerts when it becomes dangerous to exercise outdoors.

Your body cools itself with perspiration which evaporates and carries heat away. When the relative humidity is high, the evaporation rate is reduced and heat is removed from the body at a slower rate.

One way to get through those hot and humid days is to avoid them. When the heat index reaches dangerous levels consider taking that well deserved day off.

If avoidance is not an option for you, try running in the early morning or early evening when the heat index is typically lower.

Another option is to do your workout indoors. A climate-controlled indoor track or treadmill can serve as an alternative to running under the scorching sun. However, not everyone has the luxury of an indoor facility so you need to plan accordingly.

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Wear the Right Clothes

You’ve probably heard the saying “there’s no bad weather just bad clothing.” Whether or not it’s true, you should always wear temperature-appropriate gear, especially when running in the heat.

Avoid dark colors since they tend to absorb heat rather then reflect it. Find clothing that is made of high performance technical materials. These materials wick or pull moisture away from your body while allowing air to flow through the material. Wicking materials are a great improvement over cotton, which tends to absorb moisture and can contribute to chaffing.

Find a Cool Course

Temperatures tend to be a few degrees cooler in the shade, so look for a running route that offers lots of it. It’s also a great excuse to get off-road and do a little cross-country training.

If you are lucky enough to live near the coast, you may want to consider a beach run. Temperatures are cooler along coastal areas, and you can always go for a quick dip to cool down.

Consider looking for an athletic facility that waters their fields with sprinklers. Running through sprinklers serves a dual purpose: It helps keep you cool and makes you feel like you’re 12 again.

Protect Your Skin From the Sun

Wearing sun block is a must. The occurrence of skin cancer is on the rise and without protection, you increase your risk. The higher the sun protection factor or SPF, the more effective the sun block is in protecting your skin against harmful rays. For example, sun block rated at SPF 30 filters out about 96 percent of ultra violet rays.

The sun’s rays are strongest between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., so avoid training during these hours. It is recommended that sun block be applied about 30 minutes before going outdoors and every hour after.

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Wear a Cap With a Wide Brim

The first women’s marathon was introduced at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. As you can imagine, summers in LA are hot, and the morning of the marathon was no exception. To make matters worse, most of the course was on freeways that offered no escape from the sun.

To compensate for the conditions, Joan Benoit Samuelson wore a white cap with a wide brim. The cap served the dual purpose of shielding her from the harmful rays of the sun and acting as a cooling device. Periodically she would pour water on the cap. She finished a minute ahead of her rivals to win the first women’s Olympic gold medal in the marathon.

Today’s running caps are made of high-tech materials that are both light and vented. Just add a little water to help keep cool.

If you don’t like wearing hats or want additional protection for your eyes, wear sunglasses. Make sure you find sunglasses that come with UV coating.

Stay Hydrated

Runner’s World has a great summary of how to stay hydrated in the heat.  To summarize, drink something before you go out and replace what you are losing.  For 20-30 minute runs a good drink of water before you go should be plenty.  It’s important not to go overboard by drinking too much or adding salt.

 

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Running in the heat can be a challenge, but when met with a few common sense rules you can beat the heat!

Alcohol and Physicians

Alcohol has been a drug for millennia… for a reason.  Alcohol works as an anxiolytic and induces euphoria, mostly likely through endorphin release.  Unfortunately for some physicians, the combination of a stressful job with a drug that is so effective can lead to problems.  A recent study showed that up to 15% of surgeons may have a problem with alcohol abuse or dependence.  This is similar to previous reports that somewhere around 8-12% of physicians experience alcohol dependency at some point during their career.  Tragically, often as a result of suicide, the mortality rate of alcohol dependency in physicians is as high as 17%.

The following is written by a colleague who is now in practice and has been for several years. It is a heartfelt account of discovery, action and recovery… one that I thought was well worth sharing.

 

 During the third year of my general surgery residency I navigated to a website and read the following:

Answer YES or NO to the following questions.

1 – Have you ever decided to stop drinking for a week or so, but only lasted for a couple of days?
2 – Do you wish people would mind their own business about your drinking– stop telling you what to do?
3 – Have you ever switched from one kind of drink to another in the hope that this would keep you from getting drunk?

4 – Have you had to have an eye-opener upon awakening during the past year?

5 – Do you envy people who can drink without getting into trouble?

6 – Have you had problems connected with drinking during the past year?

7 – Has your drinking caused trouble at home?

8 – Do you ever try to get “extra” drinks at a party because you do not get enough?

9 – Do you tell yourself you can stop drinking any time you want to, even though you keep getting drunk when you don’t mean to?

10 – Have you missed days of work or school because of drinking?

11 – Do you have “blackouts”?

12 – Have you ever felt that your life would be better if you did not drink?

The website was Alcoholics Anonymous, www.aa.org. The website defines a score of four or higher as representative of someone who likely has a problem with alcohol. I answered “yes” to all twelve.

Although upsetting at the time, this information did little to create lasting change in my life. I was still in a profoundly stressful work environment, buried deep in a culture where using alcohol to displace anxiety, anger, frustration, and chronic fatigue, was commonplace.

Why alcohol? I never drank in high school. I never drank in college. I never drank in medical school.  I was 28 year of age when I took my first drink, three months into my intern year. I had avoided alcohol for many years because of a family history marred with alcoholism. Why now? The backdrop is a spiritual valley that I had slowly descended into over several years. My former childlike faith seemed like that alone, childlike. There were too many unanswered questions, too many competing world-views. I disengaged from the conversation. I was able to limp through medical school in this state but residency would soon take me to rock bottom. This was a painful world of crushing fatigue, heart-wrenching grief, and endless performance pressure. The anxiety was unbearable. I became infatuated with alcohol because it worked. I felt less anxious. I was able to relax. I was able to commiserate with fellow residents, laugh, complain, and forget…..at least, temporarily. I justified my behavior by telling myself it was a short-term coping mechanism. I only needed to drink to survive residency, it would be a fleeting crutch. Then I started giving a more honest account of my habits: when I was excited and wanted to celebrate – I drank, when I was angry and frustrated – I drank, when I was dejected and depressed – I drank, and when I was bored – I drank. There was no occasion where alcohol wasn’t indicated. It became more than a crutch. Just walking through the basics of life were reason enough to have a drink, not to treat anxiety, but to prevent it.

Admitting you have a problem is always the first step but still miles away from sobriety. I was on vacation abroad when I saw a figurative fork in the road. I knew that if I continued to drink I would either lose my job, permanently damage relationships, or risk my life. I had already managed to avoid paying full price for my behavior to that point and it was clear to me there would be no more opportunities to move on without deep wounds. How could I risk all that I had worked so hard to achieve and all the wonderful GIFTS in my life? The gifts of family, health, and a fortuitous background that enabled success. I went back to the basics. My family, my faith – the very things that had served me so well, for so long. I found peace. I found self-confidence. I realized that showing emotion over the loss of a stranger’s son in the trauma bay was a caring thing to do, not something to fight and hold back. I realized that late-night drinking only made my fatigue worse, adding to my stress level. I realized that a poor speaking performance in front of an attending would soon be forgiven and forgotten, and made up for another time. When anxiety would overwhelm me, I would pray.  And that worked too, with the benefit of no hangover.

If you or someone you know is struggling with substance abuse, don’t wait for a tragedy to act.

  • Find someone you trust and confide in them. Talk to someone in your house of worship, or sit down with your favorite uncle, your high school chemistry teacher. Go to a meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous, or tap into numerous other resources.
  • This is a problem that medical schools and residency programs are familiar with.  If you are a medical student, talk to your Dean of Student Affairs.  If you are a resident, talk to your Program Director.  If you are too worried to do that, at least find someone who is familiar with addiction in your community and talk to them.
  • It’s normal that you might be worried about asking for help, but realize that asking for help will not lead to problems with your medical license … but being arrested for a DUI will.
  • If you’d like to reach me, you can contact me through Dr. Brandt by clicking on the “Contact” button on the bar at the top of this page.  Needless to say, it will be completely confidential.


Sitting is bad for you – Even if you exercise.

New findings about sedentary behavior have real implications for medical students, who spend a lot of time sitting during the first year or two of medical school. This is also an important issue for residents and practicing physicians, particularly those in the more sedentary fields of medicine like pathology, psychiatry and radiology.   However, this problem affects us all, regardless of specialty.  All physicians have become more sedentary due to the time we spend at our computers.

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The goal is to move on this continuum from less activity to more… in other words, to become less sedentary.  Here’s some ways to accomplish that goal:

  1. Make sure you move at least every hour.   Breaking up sedentary time is important. Although just moving (even a short stroll) is good, if you have time and the inclination do something a little more strenuous.  Walk up several flights of stairs, do 10 squats and 10 pushups, or whatever catches your fancy.  Try to find ways to incorporate more activity into your day on a regular basis.
  2. Stand when you can.  Stand when you are reading, working on the computer (with an adjustable desk), or just hanging out.
  3. Walk instead of looking up data on the computer on rounds.  I’ve recently discovered I can access our EMR (Epic) on my iPad by installing the Citrix app.  I’ve started taking my iPad with me on rounds, rather than sitting to look up notes, images and lab values.  I’m still not to the point where I write my notes on the iPad, but I’m going to work on it.
  4. Walk to meet instead of sitting around a table. Rounds are obvious, but we have lots of other meetings as well.  There are even physicians who have started doing a part of patient visits as a walk.
  5. Consider ways to move while you do your “sedentary” work:

 

Adjustable desks. Although there are a lot of these on the market that are really expensive, there are some that are more affordable, including desks marketed for kids in school.  Or be creative and make your own adjustable desk.

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Under the desk pedals are inexpensive, and are particularly effective if you are reading and studying.
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Put a desk on your stationary bicycle. Work while pedaling on your stationary bike.  If you have a bicycle, you’ll need to by a trainer to convert it to a stationary bike.  I recently bought  a desk (FitDesk Pro) for my spin bike and it really works.  If you don’t want to spend the money, there are other ways to use your laptop or read while you are on a stationary bike like using an ironing board, or putting your bike under an adjustable desk. I particularly liked this idea of a bicycle rack that doubles as a desk.

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Fit Desk.  If you don’t own a stationary bike, and don’t mind spending $200, look into the Fit Desk.  Friends who have tried this say it is very stable while pedaling.

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Treadmill desk.  This is the most expensive option, but for practicing physicians is not at all a reach.  For students and residents, if you can find an old treadmill, you can build this for $39.

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This Week’s Highlights from @drmlb

Twitter has become a wonderful way for me to send out a variety of ideas and links that I think are helpful (and/or interesting).  Here are this week’s highlights!  If you are new to Twitter RT means Retweet (just “forwarding” it as is) and MT means Modified Tweet (“forwarding” it with a comment).

  • “This is definitely a 15 minute video every medical student should see.” The art of the physical exam bit.ly/nnmaTN @drmlb
  • Comments one makes to colleagues: as important as the interview. Professionalism = doing the right thing when no one’s watching. RT @MedPedsDoctor
  • Beginner’s mind in medicine. How to keep what we do exciting! MT@KevinMD bit.ly/qle7SJ
  • One flight of stairs = 16 calories burned. One day on call = ?10 flights ?20 ?30)..it adds up! @drmlb
  • Epidemiologist with humor?!? This is a great talk about drug development. bit.ly/ovkPyS @drmlb
  • “…small things often adds up to produce a far greater impact than any of us realize.” Surgery through different eyes bit.ly/q5XUkh  @drmlb
  • “..those of us who spend our emotions at work are not the kind to view our work as “just a job.” MT@Kevin MD bit.ly/pRAbmm  @drmlb

Thanksgiving Gratitude

Gratitude is not only the greatest of the virtues but the parent of all others.”  Cicero

Gratitude is a powerful tool.  There is good evidence that being grateful leads to a greater sense of well-being and less stress.   Practicing gratitude on a regular basis can be as simple as “counting your blessings” every morning, or listing things you are grateful for on your scut list, in a journal,or on your smart phone.  Another useful practice is to write letters (to send or not) to your parents, teachers, friends or mentors to thank them.  If you aren’t convinced that practicing gratitude can have a profound effect on your well-being,  take the “2 minute challenge”.  Get a piece of paper and for two minutes write down everything thing you are grateful for.  Don’t lift the pen off the paper and keep writing (non-stop) for the entire two minutes.

Today, as I am spending time with family and friends, making our Thanksgiving feast and counting our blessings, I am reminded that all over the United States, there are physicians, residents, nurses, therapists, and support personnel who are spending this holiday taking care of patients.  Along with the patients and families in their care, I am thankful for their sacrifice and their compassion.  It is a blessing to have the skills and the heart to care for others, and we are grateful for that privilege .

“If the only prayer you say in your whole life is “thank you,” that would suffice.  Meister Eckhart

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Writing an “Exercise Prescription”

According to exercise physiologist Michael Hewitt, PhD, health can be viewed as a four-legged stool.  The four legs are physical activity, optimal nutrition, stress management and sleep.  If any one of them is missing, the stool will wobble.  If two are missing, it will fall.  For practicing physicians and trainees, sleep is often the hardest of the four to manage.  Stress is next – it is part of our job, but can be reduced with with meditation and exercise.  Paying attention to what you eat (especially on call) and cooking your own food will help improve your nutrition.  The fourth “leg” may be the most important (and most neglected) aspect of physician health – physical activity.

It doesn’t matter how healthy (or not) you are  – if you add more physical activity to your week you will improve your health.  We all learn this in medical school – exercise helps prevent and treat a wide variety of chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, arthritis… the list goes on and on.  Exercise is medicine! The message is clear, we should be increasing our own physical activity and “prescribing” activity for our patients.

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Dr. Hewitt suggests that it’s not that hard to write an actual prescription for exercise.  First, decide what “dose” is needed – disease prevention, basic health level, enhanced fitness level, or performance level and then – literally – write a prescription that includes each of the 5 components of exercise.

Here is what the prescriptions would look like (below).  You can actually write them on prescription pads for your patients. (Don’t forget to write one for yourself… this is a really good exception to the rule that we shouldn’t write prescriptions for ourselves or our families.)

Disease Prevention

Cardiovascular Exercise: Accumulate 30-60 minutes of physical activity most days

Strength Training: Include weight-bearing activity most days

Flexibility: Maintain range of motion by bending and stretching in daily activities

Body Composition: Men <25% body fat, Women <38% body fat

Balance and Agility:

Basic Health Level

Cardiovascular Exercise: Play or large muscle repetitive activity 20+ minutes 3 times a week

Strength Training: Leg press or squat,chest press, lat pull down or row 1-2 sets 2x/week with enough weight to challenge your muscles

Flexibility: 2-4 limitation-specific stretches after activity, hold 20-30 seconds

Body Composition: Men <25% body fat, Women <38% body fat

Balance and Agility: “Act like a child” – balance line, “step on a crack”, brush teeth standing on one foot

Enhanced Fitness Level

Cardiovascular Exercise: Play or aerobic activity 40-60+minutes 4-6 times per week

Strength Training:  Balanced whole-body machine or free weight program, 2-3 sets, 3x/week to “functional failure”

Flexibility: 6-10+ whole-body stretches after activity, 1-2 reps

Body Composition: Men: 12-20% body fat, Women 20-30% body fat

Balance and Agility: Recreational sports:  tennis, bicycle, tai chi, dancing, stability ball training

Performance Level

Cardiovascular Exercise: Add interval training and/or competition

Strength Training: Add muscle endurance or power training, add pilates work, add ascending or descending pyramids

Felixibility: Add yoga, pilates, facilitated stretching with a partner

Body Composition: Men 8-15% body fat, Women 17-25% body fat

Balance and Agility: High level sports: ski, skate, surf, yoga, martial arts

Other resources:

How to Write an Exercise Prescription – Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences

Measuring body fat (caliper and tape measure calculators)

Physician Suicide

What a hard topic to write about.

Like most physicians, I knew a colleague who committed suicide.  Also, like most physicians, I didn’t see any warning signals.  I recently came across a review article on the subject of physician suicide on emedicine that made me decide to post some information.

Every year in the United States, we lose the equivalent of at least an entire medical school class to physician suicide.  It happens during medical school, residency and once doctors are in practice.  It’s nearly always related to depression – a clinical problem we all learn about, but have trouble recognizing in ourselves or our colleagues.

Depression is a disease, not a personal failing.  It affects 12-18% of practicing physicians and – it’s treatable. It’s often associated with alcohol or substance abuse, which are also treatable.  The good news is that depression, substance abuse and alcoholism are more successfully treated in physicians (and trainees) than the general public – probably because of the personality traits that lead us to become physicians in the first place.

All medical schools have confidential and free support for students and residents.  If you are worried about the effect on your career – don’t.  Seeking treatment is a sign of strength, not weakness.  If you are struggling, please know that there is help and you are not alone.

Here are some important resources (you don’t have to be suicidal to ask any of these sites for information or help)

National Suicide Prevention Hotline 1-800-273-TALK (8255).

http://www.doctorswithdepression.org/ an outreach program from  The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention

The Perils of Perfectionism

Last week I attended a wonderful lecture in Baylor’s Medicine and the Art of Compassion lecture series entitled  “The Perils of Perfectionism”.  It was presented by Dr. Glen Gabbard, who is a psychiatrist and author with great expertise in physician wellness.   I can’t do justice to the entire lecture, but there were a few key points that I wanted to share:

Compulsion is one of our our greatest assets as physicians, but it can become one of our greatest liabilities.

One of the key personality traits that physicians need to have (and/or develop) is to be compulsive.  In fact, many of us choose medicine because it’s a good fit for our basically compulsive personalities.  Unfortunately, as Dr. Gabbard pointed out, unbridled compulsiveness can lead to “excessive devotion to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships.”   How do you tell if a good thing (caring about patients, being compulsive) has become an unhealthy behavior?   Here’s some warning signs that he pointed out in his lecture:

  • A reluctance to delegate tasks or work with others unless they submit to exactly the way you want it done
  • Rigidity and stubborness
  • Perfectionism that interferes with completion of the task (checking the reflexes 10 times on rounds instead of once or twice)
  • Self-doubt
  • Guilt
  • An exaggerated sense of responsibility
  • Failure to take vacation
  • Cynicism
  • Chronic fatigue
  • Emotional outbursts
  • Headaches
  • Increased alcohol consumption
  • Marital “deadness” or discord

It’s dangerous to look at the issue of physician stress with an “us-them” mentality

It’s easy to think that discussions of physician stress and impairment apply only to “other doctors” (or “other” medical students).  Unfortunately, the stress that comes with out of control perfectionism can lead to suffering for any physician.  In extreme cases, it can lead to physician impairment, destruction of relationships, burnout and physical illness.  As Dr. Gabbard pointed out in his lecture “impairment is the endpoint on a continuum.”  Every physician, when exposed to the right combination of stressors, can become impaired.  The key is to realize that all physicians are susceptible, that it’s important to watch for warning signs, and that’s it’s even more important to seek help when its needed.

“The desire to excel must be differentiated from the desire to be perfect.”

I thought this was a wonderful rule for physicians to remember.  We all want to do our best, and we all want our patients to do well.  We want to excel, but we can’t ever be perfect.  Physicians don’t have control over many outcomes – some patients will develop complications or die despite our best efforts.  And… we are human.  Mistakes will be made.  The goal is to minimize them, learn from them, and forgive yourself.

“A physician that treats himself has a fool for a patient” (William Osler)

Every physician should have a personal physician.  As much as possible, the relationship should be as “normal” as possible i.e. even though you are a doctor, you should be treated just like any other patient.  That’s not as easy as it sounds, but it’s the right approach for both you (as a patient) and the physician treating you.   Why go to the trouble of finding a personal physician?  If you become ill, it’s nice to have an established relationship with the person who will be treating you.  It’s also nice to have someone you can talk to if you are feeling burnt out.  Depression, stress, and impairment can all be treated.  It’s really no different than going to the orthopedic surgeon if you break your arm.  If you need help, talk to your primary care physician or a mental health expert.

Some of our greatest lessons come from dying patients.

Anyone who has had the blessing of caring for a dying patient has learned from them that there are only two important things in life: to live wisely and to love well.  Our family and our friends are our greatest treasures.   Learn to spend time taking care of yourself  and nurturing these important relationships.  It’s easy to fall into the trap of putting off this important work… but don’t.    “The fool with all his other thoughts has this also:  he is always getting ready to live.”  (Epicurus)

Wellness for Emergency Room Residents

I came across this lecture by Lily C. Conrad, MD PhD FACEP on Wellness for Emergency Room Residents and thought I’d share it.  It’s a good review and makes some interesting points.  She raises issues applicable to all residents as well as more specific issues for residents in Emergency Medicine.

The concept of renewal is critical:

  • A single-minded devotion to career is impoverishing
  • By neglecting restorative activities physicians tend to lose their emotional resilience
  • We need to establish time for rest, revitalization, exploration and emotional and well as intellectual growth

Link to the lecture – Wellness for Emergency Room Residents